This N5HZR Correct Radio Amateur Answers Manual presents the entire FCC amateur radio Technician question pool without the distractors and is valid until June 30, 2026. This will help you study for FCC Volunteer Examiner Amateur Radio Technician test. More information is available at https:// h a m b o o k s dot o r g / c r a a m. Question 1... Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?... Answer 1... Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art... Question 2... Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?... Answer 2... The FCC... Question 3... What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?... Answer 3... It is encouraged... Question 4... How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?... Answer 4... One... Question 5... What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?... Answer 5... The license appears in the FCC ULS database... Question 6... What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon?... Answer 6... An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities... Question 7... What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?... Answer 7... An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface... Question 8... Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?... Answer 8... Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs... Question 9... Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?... Answer 9... Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations... Question 10... What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?... Answer 10... A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications... Answer 10... A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications... Answer 10... An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization... Answer 10... All these choices are correct... Question 11... When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?... Answer 11... At no time... Question 12... Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?... Answer 12... 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz... Question 13... Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?... Answer 13... Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license... Question 14... Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band?... Answer 14... 52.525 MHz... Question 15... Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?... Answer 15... 2 meters... Question 16... How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?... Answer 16... Fixed digital message forwarding systems only... Question 17... On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?... Answer 17... 10 meter band only... Question 18... Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?... Answer 18... 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz... Question 19... How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?... Answer 19... U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them... Question 20... Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?... Answer 20... To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display... Answer 20... So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge... Answer 20... To allow for transmitter frequency drift... Answer 20... All these choices are correct... Question 21... Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?... Answer 21... In at least some segment of all these bands... Question 22... What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?... Answer 22... 200 watts... Question 23... Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?... Answer 23... 1500 watts... Question 24... For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?... Answer 24... Technician, General, Amateur Extra... Question 25... Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?... Answer 25... Any licensed amateur... Question 26... What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?... Answer 26... Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character... Question 27... What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?... Answer 27... Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license... Question 28... Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format?... Answer 28... KF1XXX... Question 29... From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?... Answer 29... From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States... Question 30... Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?... Answer 30... Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC... Question 31... What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?... Answer 31... Ten years... Question 32... What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?... Answer 32... Two years... Question 33... How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?... Answer 33... As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database... Question 34... If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?... Answer 34... No, you must wait until the license has been renewed... Question 35... With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?... Answer 35... Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications... Question 36... Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?... Answer 36... Broadcasting... Question 37... When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?... Answer 37... Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft... Question 38... Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?... Answer 38... When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications... Question 39... When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?... Answer 39... When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis... Question 40... What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?... Answer 40... Any such language is prohibited... Question 41... What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?... Answer 41... Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations... Question 42... In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?... Answer 42... When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution... Question 43... When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?... Answer 43... When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property... Question 44... How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?... Answer 44... Transmissions intended for reception by the general public... Question 45... When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?... Answer 45... When transmitting signals to control model craft... Question 46... When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?... Answer 46... Never... Question 47... Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?... Answer 47... Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency... Question 48... Who must designate the station control operator?... Answer 48... The station licensee... Question 49... What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?... Answer 49... The class of operator license held by the control operator... Question 50... What is an amateur station’s control point?... Answer 50... The location at which the control operator function is performed... Question 51... When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?... Answer 51... At no time... Question 52... When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?... Answer 52... The control operator and the station licensee... Question 53... Which of the following is an example of automatic control?... Answer 53... Repeater operation... Question 54... Which of the following are required for remote control operation?... Answer 54... The control operator must be at the control point... Answer 54... A control operator is required at all times... Answer 54... The control operator must indirectly manipulate the controls... Answer 54... All these choices are correct... Question 55... Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?... Answer 55... Operating the station over the internet... Question 56... Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?... Answer 56... The station licensee... Question 57... When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?... Answer 57... At any time upon request by an FCC representative... Question 58... How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?... Answer 58... At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication... Question 59... When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?... Answer 59... At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication... Question 60... What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?... Answer 60... English... Question 61... What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?... Answer 61... Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission... Question 62... Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?... Answer 62... KL7CC stroke W3... Answer 62... KL7CC slant W3... Answer 62... KL7CC slash W3... Answer 62... All these choices are correct... Question 63... Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?... Answer 63... The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement... Question 64... What is the definition of third party communications?... Answer 64... A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person... Question 65... What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?... Answer 65... Repeater station... Question 66... Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?... Answer 66... The control operator of the originating station... Question 67... Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?... Answer 67... The club must have at least four members... Question 68... What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?... Answer 68... Plus or minus 600 kHz... Question 69... What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?... Answer 69... 146.520 MHz... Question 70... What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?... Answer 70... Plus or minus 5 MHz... Question 71... What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?... Answer 71... Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign... Question 72... How should you respond to a station calling CQ?... Answer 72... Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign... Question 73... Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?... Answer 73... Identify the transmitting station... Question 74... What is meant by "repeater offset”?... Answer 74... The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies... Question 75... What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?... Answer 75... Calling any station... Question 76... Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?... Answer 76... The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”... Question 77... What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?... Answer 77... A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band... Question 78... What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?... Answer 78... Simplex... Question 79... What should you do before calling CQ?... Answer 79... Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency... Answer 79... Ask if the frequency is in use... Answer 79... Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency... Answer 79... All these choices are correct... Question 80... How is a VHF/UHF transceiver’s “reverse” function used?... Answer 80... To listen on a repeater’s input frequency... Question 81... What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?... Answer 81... CTCSS... Question 82... Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?... Answer 82... A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network... Question 83... Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?... Answer 83... Improper transceiver offset... Answer 83... You are using the wrong CTCSS tone... Answer 83... You are using the wrong DCS code... Answer 83... All these choices are correct... Question 84... What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?... Answer 84... You are talking too loudly... Question 85... What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?... Answer 85... DTMF... Question 86... How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?... Answer 86... Program your radio with the group’s ID or code... Question 87... Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?... Answer 87... The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency... Question 88... Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?... Answer 88... So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater... Question 89... Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?... Answer 89... QRM... Question 90... Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?... Answer 90... QSY... Question 91... What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?... Answer 91... Establishes groups of users... Question 92... What is the purpose of a squelch function?... Answer 92... Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present... Question 93... When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?... Answer 93... FCC rules always apply... Question 94... Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?... Answer 94... Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in... Question 95... What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?... Answer 95... Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet... Question 96... What is RACES?... Answer 96... An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies... Question 97... What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?... Answer 97... Messages exchanged by net stations... Question 98... What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?... Answer 98... A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service... Question 99... Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?... Answer 99... Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station... Question 100... Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?... Answer 100... Passing messages exactly as received... Question 101... Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?... Answer 101... Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property... Question 102... What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?... Answer 102... Information needed to track the message... Question 103... What is meant by “check” in a radiogram header?... Answer 103... The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message... Question 104... Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?... Answer 104... Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals... Question 105... What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?... Answer 105... Absorption... Question 106... What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?... Answer 106... Horizontal... Question 107... What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?... Answer 107... Received signal strength is reduced... Question 108... When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?... Answer 108... Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater... Question 109... What is the meaning of the term “picket fencing”?... Answer 109... Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation... Question 110... What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?... Answer 110... Precipitation... Question 111... What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?... Answer 111... Random combining of signals arriving via different paths... Question 112... Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?... Answer 112... Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception... Question 113... What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?... Answer 113... Error rates are likely to increase... Question 114... Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?... Answer 114... The ionosphere... Question 115... What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?... Answer 115... There is little effect... Question 116... What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?... Answer 116... They are at right angles... Question 117... What property of a radio wave defines its polarization?... Answer 117... The orientation of the electric field... Question 118... What are the two components of a radio wave?... Answer 118... Electric and magnetic fields... Question 119... What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space?... Answer 119... Speed of light... Question 120... What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?... Answer 120... Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases... Question 121... What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?... Answer 121... Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz... Question 122... In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands?... Answer 122... The approximate wavelength in meters... Question 123... What frequency range is referred to as VHF?... Answer 123... 30 MHz to 300 MHz... Question 124... What frequency range is referred to as UHF?... Answer 124... 300 to 3000 MHz... Question 125... What frequency range is referred to as HF?... Answer 125... 3 to 30 MHz... Question 126... What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?... Answer 126... 300,000,000 meters per second... Question 127... Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?... Answer 127... UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere... Question 128... What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?... Answer 128... Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF... Question 129... What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?... Answer 129... They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably... Question 130... Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?... Answer 130... Sporadic E... Question 131... Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?... Answer 131... Knife-edge diffraction... Question 132... What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?... Answer 132... Tropospheric ducting... Question 133... What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?... Answer 133... 6 meters... Question 134... What causes tropospheric ducting?... Answer 134... Temperature inversions in the atmosphere... Question 135... What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?... Answer 135... From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity... Question 136... Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?... Answer 136... 6 and 10 meters... Question 137... Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?... Answer 137... The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly... Question 138... Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?... Answer 138... 13.8 volts at 12 amperes... Question 139... Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?... Answer 139... The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made... Question 140... Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?... Answer 140... To minimize voltage drop when transmitting... Question 141... How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?... Answer 141... To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software... Question 142... Where should an RF power meter be installed?... Answer 142... In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna... Question 143... What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?... Answer 143... Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying... Question 144... Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?... Answer 144... Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector... Question 145... Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?... Answer 145... Flat copper strap... Question 146... How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?... Answer 146... Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment... Question 147... What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?... Answer 147... Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet... Question 148... Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?... Answer 148... At the 12 volt battery chassis ground... Question 149... What is an electronic keyer?... Answer 149... A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code... Question 150... What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?... Answer 150... Distorted transmitted audio... Question 151... Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver’s operating frequency?... Answer 151... The keypad or VFO knob... Question 152... How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?... Answer 152... Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time... Question 153... What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?... Answer 153... Store it in a memory channel... Question 154... What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do?... Answer 154... Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity... Question 155... Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?... Answer 155... The RIT or Clarifier... Question 156... What does a DMR “code plug” contain?... Answer 156... Access information for repeaters and talkgroups... Question 157... What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?... Answer 157... Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode... Question 158... How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?... Answer 158... By entering the group’s identification code... Question 159... Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception?... Answer 159... 2400 Hz... Question 160... Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?... Answer 160... Your call sign... Question 161... What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency?... Answer 161... Distortion of the signal’s audio... Question 162... Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?... Answer 162... Amperes... Question 163... Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?... Answer 163... Watts... Question 164... What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?... Answer 164... Current... Question 165... What are the units of electrical resistance?... Answer 165... Ohms... Question 166... What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow?... Answer 166... Voltage... Question 167... What is the unit of frequency?... Answer 167... Hertz... Question 168... Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?... Answer 168... They have many free electrons... Question 169... Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?... Answer 169... Glass... Question 170... Which of the following describes alternating current?... Answer 170... Current that alternates between positive and negative directions... Question 171... Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?... Answer 171... Power... Question 172... What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?... Answer 172... Direct current... Answer 172... Alternating current... Answer 172... RF current... Answer 172... All these choices are correct... Question 173... What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?... Answer 173... Frequency... Question 174... How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?... Answer 174... 1500 milliamperes... Question 175... Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?... Answer 175... 1500 kHz... Question 176... Which is equal to one kilovolt?... Answer 176... One thousand volts... Question 177... Which is equal to one microvolt?... Answer 177... One one-millionth of a volt... Question 178... Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?... Answer 178... 0.5 watts... Question 179... Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?... Answer 179... 3 amperes... Question 180... Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?... Answer 180... 3525 kHz... Question 181... Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?... Answer 181... 1 microfarad... Question 182... Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?... Answer 182... 3 dB... Question 183... Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?... Answer 183... -6 dB... Question 184... Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?... Answer 184... 10 dB... Question 185... Which is equal to 28400 kHz?... Answer 185... 28.400 MHz... Question 186... Which is equal to 2425 MHz?... Answer 186... 2.425 GHz... Question 187... What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field?... Answer 187... Capacitance... Question 188... What is the unit of capacitance?... Answer 188... The farad... Question 189... What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field?... Answer 189... Inductance... Question 190... What is the unit of inductance?... Answer 190... The henry... Question 191... What is the unit of impedance?... Answer 191... The ohm... Question 192... What does the abbreviation “RF” mean?... Answer 192... Radio frequency signals of all types... Question 193... What is the abbreviation for megahertz?... Answer 193... MHz... Question 194... What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?... Answer 194... P = V x I... Question 195... How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes?... Answer 195... 138 watts... Question 196... How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes?... Answer 196... 30 watts... Question 197... How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC?... Answer 197... 10 amperes... Question 198... What is impedance?... Answer 198... The opposition to AC current flow... Question 199... What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?... Answer 199... kHz... Question 200... What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?... Answer 200... I = V / R... Question 201... What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit?... Answer 201... V = I x R... Question 202... What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit?... Answer 202... R = V / I... Question 203... What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows when connected to 90 volts?... Answer 203... 30 ohms... Question 204... What is the resistance of a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes?... Answer 204... 8 ohms... Question 205... What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source?... Answer 205... 3 ohms... Question 206... What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms?... Answer 206... 1.5 amperes... Question 207... What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?... Answer 207... 2 amperes... Question 208... What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?... Answer 208... 10 amperes... Question 209... What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it?... Answer 209... 1 volt... Question 210... What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?... Answer 210... 10 volts... Question 211... What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?... Answer 211... 20 volts... Question 212... In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components?... Answer 212... Series... Question 213... In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components?... Answer 213... Parallel... Question 214... What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit?... Answer 214... Resistor... Question 215... What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control?... Answer 215... Potentiometer... Question 216... What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer?... Answer 216... Resistance... Question 217... What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?... Answer 217... Capacitor... Question 218... What type of electrical component consists of conductive surfaces separated by an insulator?... Answer 218... Capacitor... Question 219... What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?... Answer 219... Inductor... Question 220... What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire?... Answer 220... Inductor... Question 221... What is the function of an SPDT switch?... Answer 221... A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits... Question 222... What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads?... Answer 222... Fuse... Question 223... Which of the following battery chemistries is rechargeable?... Answer 223... Nickel-metal hydride... Answer 223... Lithium-ion... Answer 223... Lead-acid... Answer 223... All these choices are correct... Question 224... Which of the following battery chemistries is not rechargeable?... Answer 224... Carbon-zinc... Question 225... Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode?... Answer 225... It is lower in some diode types than in others... Question 226... What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction?... Answer 226... Diode... Question 227... Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch?... Answer 227... Transistor... Question 228... Which of the following components can consist of three regions of semiconductor material?... Answer 228... Transistor... Question 229... What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source?... Answer 229... Field-effect... Question 230... How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package?... Answer 230... With a stripe... Question 231... What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light?... Answer 231... Forward DC current... Question 232... What does the abbreviation FET stand for?... Answer 232... Field Effect Transistor... Question 233... What are the names for the electrodes of a diode?... Answer 233... Anode and cathode... Question 234... Which of the following can provide power gain?... Answer 234... Transistor... Question 235... What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal?... Answer 235... Gain... Question 236... What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor?... Answer 236... Emitter, base, collector... Question 237... What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols?... Answer 237... Schematic... Question 238... Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics?... Answer 238... Component connections... Question 239... Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal?... Answer 239... Rectifier... Question 240... What is a relay?... Answer 240... An electrically-controlled switch... Question 241... Which of the following is a reason to use shielded wire?... Answer 241... To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire... Question 242... Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value?... Answer 242... Meter... Question 243... What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply?... Answer 243... Regulator... Question 244... What component changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses?... Answer 244... Transformer... Question 245... Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator?... Answer 245... LED... Question 246... Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a resonant circuit?... Answer 246... Capacitor... Question 247... What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package?... Answer 247... Integrated circuit... Question 248... Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit?... Answer 248... An inductor and a capacitor in series or parallel... Question 249... Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?... Answer 249... Sensitivity... Question 250... What is a transceiver?... Answer 250... A device that combines a receiver and transmitter... Question 251... Which of the following is used to convert a signal from one frequency to another?... Answer 251... Mixer... Question 252... Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals?... Answer 252... Selectivity... Question 253... What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency?... Answer 253... Oscillator... Question 254... What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band?... Answer 254... Transverter... Question 255... What is the function of a transceiver’s PTT input?... Answer 255... Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded... Question 256... Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?... Answer 256... Modulation... Question 257... What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier?... Answer 257... Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode... Question 258... What device increases the transmitted output power from a transceiver?... Answer 258... An RF power amplifier... Question 259... Where is an RF preamplifier installed?... Answer 259... Between the antenna and receiver... Question 260... What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating?... Answer 260... Talk farther away from the microphone... Question 261... What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally?... Answer 261... The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band... Question 262... Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference?... Answer 262... Fundamental overload... Answer 262... Harmonics... Answer 262... Spurious emissions... Answer 262... All these choices are correct... Question 263... Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable?... Answer 263... Ferrite choke... Question 264... How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?... Answer 264... Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver... Question 265... Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception?... Answer 265... Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel... Question 266... Which of the following can reduce overload of a VHF transceiver by a nearby commercial FM station?... Answer 266... Installing a band-reject filter... Question 267... What should you do if something in a neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?... Answer 267... Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device... Answer 267... Politely inform your neighbor that FCC rules prohibit the use of devices that cause interference... Answer 267... Make sure your station meets the standards of good amateur practice... Answer 267... All these choices are correct... Question 268... What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference caused by your amateur radio transmission?... Answer 268... Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly... Question 269... What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?... Answer 269... Your transmitter is slightly off frequency... Answer 269... Your batteries are running low... Answer 269... You are in a bad location... Answer 269... All these choices are correct... Question 270... What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?... Answer 270... Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions... Question 271... What is the primary purpose of a dummy load?... Answer 271... To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests... Question 272... Which of the following is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency?... Answer 272... An antenna analyzer... Question 273... What does a dummy load consist of?... Answer 273... A non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink... Question 274... What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?... Answer 274... 1:1... Question 275... Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level?... Answer 275... To protect the output amplifier transistors... Question 276... What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate?... Answer 276... Impedance mismatch... Question 277... What happens to power lost in a feed line?... Answer 277... It is converted into heat... Question 278... Which instrument can be used to determine SWR?... Answer 278... Directional wattmeter... Question 279... Which of the following causes failure of coaxial cables?... Answer 279... Moisture contamination... Question 280... Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?... Answer 280... Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable... Question 281... What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types?... Answer 281... It requires special techniques to prevent moisture in the cable... Question 282... Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential?... Answer 282... A voltmeter... Question 283... How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage?... Answer 283... In parallel... Question 284... When configured to measure current, how is a multimeter connected to a component?... Answer 284... In series... Question 285... Which instrument is used to measure electric current?... Answer 285... An ammeter... Question 286... Which of the following can damage a multimeter?... Answer 286... Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting... Question 287... Which of the following measurements are made using a multimeter?... Answer 287... Voltage and resistance... Question 288... Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications?... Answer 288... Acid-core solder... Question 289... What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint?... Answer 289... A rough or lumpy surface... Question 290... What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor?... Answer 290... Increasing resistance with time... Question 291... Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?... Answer 291... Ensure that the circuit is not powered... Question 292... Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?... Answer 292... Single sideband... Question 293... What type of modulation is commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions?... Answer 293... FM or PM... Question 294... Which type of voice mode is often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?... Answer 294... SSB... Question 295... Which type of modulation is commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?... Answer 295... FM or PM... Question 296... Which of the following types of signal has the narrowest bandwidth?... Answer 296... CW... Question 297... Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?... Answer 297... Upper sideband... Question 298... What is a characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?... Answer 298... SSB signals have narrower bandwidth... Question 299... What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal?... Answer 299... 3 kHz... Question 300... What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM voice signal?... Answer 300... Between 10 and 15 kHz... Question 301... What is the approximate bandwidth of AM fast-scan TV transmissions?... Answer 301... About 6 MHz... Question 302... What is the approximate bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?... Answer 302... 150 Hz... Question 303... Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband?... Answer 303... Only one signal can be received at a time... Question 304... What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons?... Answer 304... Health and status of the satellite... Question 305... What is the impact of using excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink?... Answer 305... Blocking access by other users... Question 306... Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?... Answer 306... Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earth... Answer 306... The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass... Answer 306... The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift... Answer 306... All these choices are correct... Question 307... What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites?... Answer 307... SSB... Answer 307... FM... Answer 307... CW/data... Answer 307... All these choices are correct... Question 308... What is a satellite beacon?... Answer 308... A transmission from a satellite that contains status information... Question 309... Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?... Answer 309... The Keplerian elements... Question 310... What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications?... Answer 310... An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and Earth station... Question 311... What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode?... Answer 311... The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band... Question 312... What causes spin fading of satellite signals?... Answer 312... Rotation of the satellite and its antennas... Question 313... What is a LEO satellite?... Answer 313... A satellite in low earth orbit... Question 314... Who may receive telemetry from a space station?... Answer 314... Anyone... Question 315... Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high?... Answer 315... Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon... Question 316... Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?... Answer 316... Radio direction finding... Question 317... Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?... Answer 317... A directional antenna... Question 318... What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period?... Answer 318... Contesting... Question 319... Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a contest?... Answer 319... Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange... Question 320... What is a grid locator?... Answer 320... A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location... Question 321... How is over the air access to IRLP nodes accomplished?... Answer 321... By using DTMF signals... Question 322... What is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?... Answer 322... A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques... Question 323... What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?... Answer 323... A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)... Question 324... Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission?... Answer 324... EchoLink... Question 325... What is required before using the EchoLink system?... Answer 325... Register your call sign and provide proof of license... Question 326... What is an amateur radio station that connects other amateur stations to the internet?... Answer 326... A gateway... Question 327... Which of the following is a digital communications mode?... Answer 327... Packet radio... Answer 327... IEEE 802.11... Answer 327... FT8... Answer 327... All these choices are correct... Question 328... What is a “talkgroup” on a digital repeater?... Answer 328... A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without hearing other users on the channel... Question 329... What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS?... Answer 329... GPS position data... Answer 329... Text messages... Answer 329... Weather data... Answer 329... All these choices are correct... Question 330... What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?"... Answer 330... An analog fast-scan color TV signal... Question 331... Which of the following is an application of APRS?... Answer 331... Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations... Question 332... What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean?... Answer 332... Phase Shift Keying... Question 333... Which of the following describes DMR?... Answer 333... A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel... Question 334... Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions?... Answer 334... A check sum that permits error detection... Answer 334... A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent... Answer 334... Automatic repeat request in case of error... Answer 334... All these choices are correct... Question 335... What is CW?... Answer 335... Another name for a Morse code transmission... Question 336... Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT-X software suite?... Answer 336... Earth-Moon-Earth... Answer 336... Weak signal propagation beacons... Answer 336... Meteor scatter... Answer 336... All these choices are correct... Question 337... What is an ARQ transmission system?... Answer 337... An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmission... Question 338... Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?... Answer 338... An amateur-radio based data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware... Question 339... What is FT8?... Answer 339... A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation... Question 340... What is a beam antenna?... Answer 340... An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction... Question 341... Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading?... Answer 341... Electrically lengthening by inserting inductors in radiating elements... Question 342... Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to Earth's surface?... Answer 342... A horizontally polarized antenna... Question 343... What is a disadvantage of the short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers, compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?... Answer 343... It has low efficiency... Question 344... Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna?... Answer 344... Shortening it... Question 345... Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain?... Answer 345... Yagi... Question 346... What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver with a flexible antenna inside a vehicle?... Answer 346... Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle... Question 347... What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz?... Answer 347... 19... Question 348... What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna?... Answer 348... 112... Question 349... In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal?... Answer 349... In the direction of the feed line... Question 350... What is antenna gain?... Answer 350... The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna... Question 351... What is an advantage of a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service?... Answer 351... It has more gain than a 1/4-wavelength antenna... Question 352... What is a benefit of low SWR?... Answer 352... Reduced signal loss... Question 353... What is the most common impedance of coaxial cables used in amateur radio?... Answer 353... 50 ohms... Question 354... Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line for amateur radio antenna systems?... Answer 354... It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations... Question 355... What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)?... Answer 355... It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance... Question 356... What happens as the frequency of a signal in coaxial cable is increased?... Answer 356... The loss increases... Question 357... Which of the following RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz?... Answer 357... Type N... Question 358... Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors?... Answer 358... They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies... Question 359... Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line?... Answer 359... Water intrusion into coaxial connectors... Answer 359... High SWR... Answer 359... Multiple connectors in the line... Answer 359... All these choices are correct... Question 360... What can cause erratic changes in SWR?... Answer 360... Loose connection in the antenna or feed line... Question 361... What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-213 coaxial cable?... Answer 361... RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency... Question 362... Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF?... Answer 362... Air-insulated hardline... Question 363... What is standing wave ratio (SWR)?... Answer 363... A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line... Question 364... Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery?... Answer 364... Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion... Question 365... What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body?... Answer 365... It may cause injury by heating tissue... Answer 365... It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells... Answer 365... It may cause involuntary muscle contractions... Answer 365... All these choices are correct... Question 366... In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable?... Answer 366... Hot... Question 367... What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?... Answer 367... To remove power in case of overload... Question 368... Why should a 5-ampere fuse never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse?... Answer 368... Excessive current could cause a fire... Question 369... What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station?... Answer 369... Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment... Answer 369... Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground... Answer 369... Install mechanical interlocks in high-voltage circuits... Answer 369... All these choices are correct... Question 370... Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line?... Answer 370... On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building... Question 371... Where should a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit?... Answer 371... In series with the hot conductor only... Question 372... What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections?... Answer 372... Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap... Question 373... What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?... Answer 373... Overheating or out-gassing... Question 374... What hazard exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off?... Answer 374... Charge stored in filter capacitors... Question 375... Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?... Answer 375... Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured... Question 376... Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection?... Answer 376... Ensure that connections are short and direct... Question 377... What is required when climbing an antenna tower?... Answer 377... Have sufficient training on safe tower climbing techniques... Answer 377... Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times... Answer 377... Always wear an approved climbing harness... Answer 377... All these choices are correct... Question 378... Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer?... Answer 378... Never... Question 379... Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower?... Answer 379... Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires... Question 380... What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines?... Answer 380... Prevent loosening of the turnbuckle from vibration... Question 381... What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna?... Answer 381... Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires... Question 382... Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower?... Answer 382... This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed... Question 383... Which is a proper grounding method for a tower?... Answer 383... Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other... Question 384... Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?... Answer 384... The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines... Question 385... Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection?... Answer 385... Sharp bends must be avoided... Question 386... Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna?... Answer 386... Local electrical codes... Question 387... What type of radiation are radio signals?... Answer 387... Non-ionizing radiation... Question 388... At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value?... Answer 388... 50 MHz... Question 389... How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?... Answer 389... It increases by a factor of 2... Question 390... What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?... Answer 390... Frequency and power level of the RF field... Answer 390... Distance from the antenna to a person... Answer 390... Radiation pattern of the antenna... Answer 390... All these choices are correct... Question 391... Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?... Answer 391... The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others... Question 392... Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?... Answer 392... By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65... Answer 392... By calculation based on computer modeling... Answer 392... By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment... Answer 392... All these choices are correct... Question 393... What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?... Answer 393... RF burn to skin... Question 394... Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation?... Answer 394... Relocate antennas... Question 395... How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?... Answer 395... By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed... Question 396... Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?... Answer 396... It affects the average exposure to radiation... Question 397... What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?... Answer 397... The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting... Question 398... How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?... Answer 398... RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage DNA... Question 399... Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?... Answer 399... The station licensee...